The definitive classification of "Precious Stones" includes four primary minerals: **Diamond, Ruby, Sapphire, and Emerald.** These four are historically and commercially distinguished due to their extreme rarity, Mohs hardness scale rating (all above 7.5), and consistent global investment demand.

All other gemstones are categorized as semi-precious. At Raza Gems, we focus on providing these four primary stones, ensuring every specimen meets professional-grade standards for clarity and color saturation.

Market value is determined by precise mineralogical criteria known as the **4 Cs**:

• **Carat Weight:** The mass of the gemstone.
• **Color:** The specific hue, tone, and saturation.
• **Clarity:** The relative absence of internal inclusions or external blemishes.
• **Cut:** The precision of the facets, which optimizes light return and brilliance.

A certificate from a reputable laboratory (such as GIA, IGI, or IDL) is essential to verify these traits and confirm the absence of synthetic treatments or enhancements.

Precious stones are minerals formed through intense geological processes over millions of years:

• **Diamonds** form from carbon under extreme pressure in the Earth's mantle.
• **Rubies and Sapphires** (Corundum) form in metamorphic and igneous environments where aluminum oxide is subjected to specific heat.
• **Emeralds** (Beryl) form in hydrothermal veins when beryllium meets chromium or vanadium.

The rarity of these specific geological conditions is what creates the inherent scarcity and value of natural, untreated stones.